Izinto ezidityanisiweyo ziye zaba zizixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokwenza iinqwelo-moya ezikwindawo esezantsi ngenxa yokuba zilula, zinamandla aphezulu, ziyamelana nokugqwala kwaye ziplastiki. Kweli xesha loqoqosho olukwindawo esezantsi olufuna ukusebenza kakuhle, ubomi bebhetri kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo akuchaphazeli kuphela ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lweenqwelo-moya, kodwa kukwabalulekile ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lweshishini liphela.
Ifayibha yekhabhoniizinto ezidityanisiweyo
Ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nezinye iimpawu, i-carbon fiber iye yaba yinto efanelekileyo yokwenza iinqwelo-moya ezisezantsi. Ayinakunciphisa kuphela ubunzima beenqwelo-moya, kodwa ikwaphucula ukusebenza kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho, kwaye ibe yindawo efanelekileyo yokutshintsha izinto zesinyithi zemveli. Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yezinto ezidityanisiweyo kwiinqwelo-moya ze-skycars yi-carbon fiber, kwaye malunga ne-10% eseleyo yi-glass fiber. Kwinqwelo-moya ye-eVTOL, i-carbon fiber isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto zesakhiwo kunye neenkqubo zokuqhubeleka, ezimalunga ne-75-80%, ngelixa izicelo zangaphakathi ezifana neebhama kunye nezakhiwo zesihlalo zimalunga ne-12-14%, kwaye iinkqubo zebhetri kunye nezixhobo ze-avionics zimalunga ne-8-12%.
Ifayibhaizinto zeglasi ezidityanisiweyo
Iplastiki eqinisiweyo ye-fiberglass (GFRP), enokumelana nokugqwala kwayo, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu nobuphantsi, ukumelana nemisebe, iimpawu ezithintela ilangatye kunye nokulwa nokwaluphala, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenziweni kweenqwelo-moya ezisezantsi ezifana needrone. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi zinto kunceda ukunciphisa ubunzima benqwelo-moya, ukwandisa umthwalo, ukonga amandla, kunye nokufezekisa uyilo oluhle lwangaphandle. Ke ngoko, i-GFRP ibe yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuqoqosho olusezantsi.
Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iinqwelo-moya ezisezantsi, ilaphu le-fiberglass lisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izinto ezibalulekileyo zesakhiwo ezifana neefreyimu zomoya, amaphiko, kunye nemisila. Iimpawu zalo ezikhaphukhaphu zinceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenqwelo-moya kunye nokubonelela ngamandla aqinileyo kunye nozinzo lwesakhiwo.
Kwizinto ezifuna ukuvuleka kwamaza okugqwesileyo, njengee-radomes kunye nee-fairings, kusetyenziswa izinto ezidityanisiweyo ze-fiberglass. Umzekelo, i-UAV ende ephakame kakhulu kunye ne-US Air Force's RQ-4 “Global Hawk” uav zisebenzisa izinto ezidityanisiweyo ze-carbon fiber kwiimpiko zazo, umsila, indawo yenjini kunye ne-fuselage engasemva, ngelixa i-radome kunye ne-fairing zenziwe ngezinto ezidityanisiweyo ze-fiberglass ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwesignali okucacileyo.
Ilaphu le-fiberglass lingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iifairing zeenqwelo-moya kunye neefestile, ezingagcini nje ngokuphucula inkangeleko kunye nobuhle benqwelo-moya, kodwa zikwaphucula intuthuzelo yohambo. Ngokufanayo, kuyilo lwesathelayithi, ilaphu le-fiber yeglasi lingasetyenziselwa ukwakha ulwakhiwo lwangaphandle lweephaneli zelanga kunye nee-antenna, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe inkangeleko kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza kweesathelayithi.
Ifayibha ye-Aramidizinto ezidityanisiweyo
Izinto eziphambili ze-aramid paper honeycomb eziyilwe ngesakhiwo esinama-hexagonal se-bionic natural honeycomb zihlonitshwa kakhulu ngenxa yamandla azo akhethekileyo, ukuqina okuthe ngqo kunye nokuzinza kwesakhiwo. Ukongeza, le nto ikwanazo ne-insulation entle yesandi, i-insulation yobushushu kunye neempawu zokungatshisi ilangabi, kwaye umsi kunye netyhefu eveliswa ngexesha lokutsha ziphantsi kakhulu. Ezi mpawu zenza ukuba ithathe indawo kwizicelo eziphezulu zeenqwelo-moya kunye neendlela zothutho ezikhawulezayo.
Nangona ixabiso lezinto eziphambili zephepha le-aramid le-honeycomb liphezulu, lidla ngokukhethwa njengezinto ezikhaphukhaphu ezibalulekileyo kwizixhobo eziphezulu ezifana neenqwelo moya, ii-missile, kunye neesathelayithi, ingakumbi ekwenzeni izinto zesakhiwo ezifuna ukuvuleka kwamaza e-broadband kunye nokuqina okuphezulu.
Iingenelo ezikhaphukhaphu
Njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokwakheka kwe-fuselage, iphepha le-aramid lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinqwelomoya ezinkulu ezingabizi kakhulu ezikwindawo esezantsi ezifana ne-eVTOL, ingakumbi njengomaleko wesandwich we-carbon fiber honeycomb.
Kwicandelo leenqwelo-moya ezingenabantu, izinto zeNomex honeycomb (iphepha le-aramid) nazo zisetyenziswa kakhulu, zisetyenziswa kwiqokobhe le-fuselage, ulusu lwamaphiko kunye nomphetho okhokelayo kunye nezinye iindawo.
Okunyeizixhobo zesandwich ezidityanisiweyo
Iinqwelo-moya ezisezantsi, njengezithuthi ezingenabantu, ukongeza ekusebenziseni izinto eziqinisiweyo ezifana ne-carbon fiber, i-glass fiber kunye ne-aramid fiber kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, izinto zokwakha ezifana ne-honeycomb, ifilimu, i-foam plastic kunye ne-foam glue nazo zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
Xa kukhethwa izinto zesandwich, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu yisandwich yehoneycomb (efana nehoneycomb yephepha, iNomex honeycomb, njl.njl.), isandwich yomthi (efana nebirch, paulownia, pine, basswood, njl.njl.) kunye nesandwich yefoam (efana nepolyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene foam, njl.njl.).
Isakhiwo sesandwich se-foam sisetyenziswe kakhulu kwisakhiwo se-airframes ze-UAV ngenxa yeempawu zaso zokungangeni manzi nokudada kunye neengenelo zobuchwepheshe zokukwazi ukuzalisa imingxuma yesakhiwo sangaphakathi sephiko kunye nephiko lomsila lilonke.
Xa kuyilwa ii-UAV ezikhawulezayo, izakhiwo zesandwich zehoneycomb zihlala zisetyenziselwa iindawo ezineemfuno eziphantsi zamandla, iimilo eziqhelekileyo, iindawo ezinkulu ezigobileyo kwaye kulula ukuzibeka, njengeendawo ezizinzisa amaphiko angaphambili, iindawo ezizinzisa umsila othe nkqo, iindawo ezizinzisa amaphiko, njl.njl. Kwiindawo ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo kunye neendawo ezincinci ezigobileyo, njengeendawo ze-elevator, iindawo ze-rudder, iindawo ze-aileron rudder, njl.njl., izakhiwo zesandwich ze-foam ziyathandwa. Kwizakhiwo zesandwich ezifuna amandla aphezulu, izakhiwo zesandwich zomthi zinokukhethwa. Kwezo ndawo zifuna amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina okuphezulu, njenge-fuselage skin, i-T-beam, i-L-beam, njl.njl., isakhiwo se-laminate sidla ngokusetyenziswa. Ukwenziwa kwezi zinto kufuna ukulungiswa kwangaphambili, kwaye ngokweemfuno zokuqina okufunekayo ngaphakathi, amandla okugoba, ukuqina kwe-torsional kunye namandla, khetha i-fibre eqinisiweyo efanelekileyo, izinto ze-matrix, umxholo wefayibha kunye ne-laminate, kwaye uyile ii-angles ezahlukeneyo zokubeka, iileya kunye nolandelelwano lwe-layering, kwaye uphilise ngamaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-pressurization.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-22-2024
