Xa sibona iimveliso ezenziwei-fiberglass, sihlala sibona kuphela inkangeleko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabo, kodwa kunqabile ukuba sicinge: Yintoni isakhiwo sangaphakathi salo mcu obhityileyo omnyama okanye omhlophe? Yile mikrolo ingabonwayo kanye enika i-fiberglass iipropathi zayo ezizodwa, ezinje ngokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Namhlanje, siza kukhangela "kwihlabathi langaphakathi" le-fiberglass ukutyhila iimfihlo zesakhiwo sayo.
ISiseko seMicroscopic: "I-Disordered Order" kwiNqanaba leAtom
Ukusuka kumbono we-athomu, i-core component ye-fiberglass yi-silicon dioxide (ngokuqhelekileyo i-50% -70% ngobunzima), kunye nezinye izinto ezifana ne-calcium oxide, i-magnesium oxide, kunye ne-aluminium oxide eyongeziweyo ukulungisa iimpawu zayo. Ulungelelwaniso lwezi athom lumisela iimpawu ezisisiseko zefiberglass.
Ngokungafaniyo "noluhlu olude" lwe-athomu kwizinto zekristali (ezifana neentsimbi okanye iikristale zequartz), ilungiselelo leathom kwimiboniso yefiberglass."Umyalelo wexesha elifutshane, ukuphazamiseka kwexesha elide."Ukubeka ngokulula, kwindawo yendawo (ngaphakathi kuluhlu lweeathom ezimbalwa), ibhondi nganye ye-silicon yeathom eneathom ezine zeoksijini, zenza iphiramidi efana nephiramidi."silica tetrahedron"isakhiwo. Eli lungiselelo lasekuhlaleni liyaodolwa. Nangona kunjalo, kumlinganiselo omkhulu, ezi silica tetrahedra azenzi i-lattice ephindaphindayo njengekristale. Endaweni yoko, ziqhagamshelwe ngokungenamkhethe kwaye zipakishwe ngendlela engacwangciswanga, kufana nemfumba yeebhloko zokwakha ezidityaniswe ngokungacwangciswanga, zenza ulwakhiwo lweglasi yeamorphous.
Esi sakhiwo se-amorphous ngomnye womahluko ophambili phakathii-fiberglasskunye neglasi eqhelekileyo. Ngexesha lokupholisa kweglasi eqhelekileyo, ii-athomu zinexesha elaneleyo lokwenza iikristale ezincinci ezicwangcisiweyo zasekhaya, ezikhokelela kwi-brittleness ephezulu. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-fiberglass yenziwe ngokolula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokupholisa iglasi etyhidiweyo. Iiathom azinaxesha lokuzicwangcisa ngokwazo ngendlela elungeleleneyo kwaye “zinomkhenkce” kule meko iphazamisekileyo, i-amorphous. Oku kunciphisa iziphene kwimida yekristale, ivumela ifayibha ukuba igcine iipropathi zeglasi ngelixa ifumana ubunzima obungcono kunye namandla okuqina.
Ulwakhiwo lweMonofilament: Iqumrhu elifanayo ukusuka “kwiSkin” ukuya “kuMbindi”
Ifiberglass esiyibonayo eneneni yenziwe ngabaninziii-monofilaments, kodwa i-monofilament nganye iyiyunithi epheleleyo yesakhiwo ngokwayo. I-monofilament ngokuqhelekileyo inobubanzi obuyi-5-20 micrometers (malunga ne-1/5 ukuya kwi-1/2 ububanzi beenwele zomntu). Ubume bayo buyinto efanayo"umlo oqinileyo wecylindrical"ngaphandle kwamaleko acacileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwimbono yokusabalalisa ukubunjwa kwe-microscopic, kukho ukungafani okufihlakeleyo "kwe-skin-core".
Ngexesha lokuzoba, njengoko iglasi etyhidiweyo ikhutshelwa kwimingxunya encinci ye-spinneret, umphezulu uphola ngokukhawuleza xa udibana nomoya, wenze into encinci kakhulu."ulusu"umaleko (malunga ne-0.1-0.5 micrometers ubukhulu). Olu lusu luphola ngokukhawuleza kunolwangaphakathi“engundoqo.”Ngenxa yoko, umxholo we-silicon dioksidi kumaleko wolusu uphezulu kancinci kunombindi, kwaye ulungiselelo lweathom luxinene kwaye luneziphene ezimbalwa. Lo mahluko onobuqili ekubunjweni kunye nokwakhiwa kwenza ukuba ubuso be-monofilament buqine ngakumbi kubunzima kunye nokumelana nokubola kunombindi. Kwakhona kunciphisa amathuba okuqhekeka komhlaba-ukungaphumeleli kwezinto ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala ngeziphene zomhlaba, kwaye olu lusu oluxineneyo lusebenza njenge "shell" yokukhusela kwi-monofilament.
Ukongeza kuluhlu olufihlakeleyo lwesikhumba, umgangatho ophezului-fiberglassi-monofilament nayo ine-symmetry ejikeleza kakhulu kwi-cross-section yayo, kunye nempazamo yedayamitha ngokuqhelekileyo ilawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-1 micrometer. Esi sakhiwo sejometri esifanayo siqinisekisa ukuba xa i-monofilament igxininisekile, uxinzelelo lusasazwa ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umgca we-cross-section, ukuthintela uxinzelelo lwexinzelelo olubangelwa ukungahambi kakuhle kwendawo kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe amandla obunzima.
Ulwakhiwo oludityanisiweyo: Udibaniso oluYalelweyo lwe "Umsonto" kunye "noMtyanga"
Ngelixa i-monofilaments yomelele, i-diameter yabo ihle kakhulu ukuba ingasetyenziswa yodwa. Ke ngoko, i-fiberglass ihlala ikhona ngohlobo lwe“ngokuhlangeneyo,”ngokuqhelekileyo njenge"umsonto we-fiberglass"kwaye"Ilaphu le-fiberglass."Isakhiwo sabo sisiphumo sokudityaniswa okucwangcisiweyo kwe-monofilaments.
Umsonto weFiberglass yingqokelela yamashumi ukuya kumawaka eemonofilaments, ezidityaniswe yiyo nayiphi na"ukujija"okanye ukuba“engajijwanga.”Umsonto ongaguqukiyo yingqokelela ekhululekileyo ye-monofilaments ehambelanayo, enesakhiwo esilula, esisetyenziselwa ukwenza uboya beglasi, iintambo ezinqunqiweyo, njl. Esi sakhiwo sandisa amandla okubopha phakathi kwee-monofilaments, kuthintela umsonto ukuba ungaqhawuki phantsi koxinzelelo, uwenze ulungele ukuluka, ukujija, kunye nezinye iindlela zokulungisa. I"bala"womsonto (isalathiso esibonisa inani leemonofilaments, umzekelo, i-1200 ye-tex yarn yenziwe ngama-1200 monofilaments) kunye"jija"(inani lokujija ngobude beyunithi nganye) limisela ngokuthe ngqo amandla omsonto, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokusebenza okulandelayo kokuqhubekeka.
Ilaphu le-Fiberglass sisakhiwo esifana neshiti elenziwe ngomsonto we-fiberglass ngenkqubo yokuluka. Iintsimbi ezintathu ezisisiseko ziyi-plain, twill, kunye ne-satin.I-Plain weaveilaphu lenziwa ngokutshintshana kokudityaniswa kwemisonto ye-warp kunye ne-weft, okukhokelela kwisakhiwo esiqinileyo esinokungena okuncinci kodwa amandla afanayo, okwenza ukuba afaneleke njengesiseko sezinto eziphathekayo. Kwitwill welukiilaphu, i-warp kunye ne-weft yarns interlace ngokomlinganiselo we-2: 1 okanye 3: 1, ukudala ipateni ye-diagonal kumphezulu. Ibhetyebhetye ngakumbi kune-plain weave kwaye ihlala isetyenziselwa iimveliso ezifuna ukugoba okanye ukubunjwa.Satin weaveinamanqaku ambalwa anqamlezileyo, aneentambo zokuluka okanye eziweft ezenza imigca edadayo eqhubekayo kumphezulu. Le weave ithambile ekubambeni kwaye inobuso obugudileyo, iyenza ilungele izinto zokuhombisa okanye eziphantsi.
Nokuba ngumsonto okanye ilaphu, undoqo wolwakhiwo oludityanisiweyo kukuphumeza uphuculo lokusebenza“1+1>2″ngokusebenzisa udibaniso olucwangcisiweyo lwe-monofilaments. I-monofilaments inika amandla asisiseko, ngelixa i-collective structure inika izinto eziphathekayo iifom ezahlukeneyo, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokulungelelanisa ukulungelelanisa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwi-thermal insulation ukuya ekuqinisweni kwesakhiwo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-16-2025
