Xa sibona iimveliso ezenziwei-fiberglass, sihlala siqaphela kuphela imbonakalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo, kodwa asifane siqwalasele oku: Yintoni isakhiwo sangaphakathi sale filament incinci emnyama okanye emhlophe? Yile mikrostructures ingabonakaliyo enika i-fiberglass iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo, ezinje ngamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Namhlanje, siza kungena "kwihlabathi langaphakathi" le-fiberglass ukuze sityhile iimfihlo zesakhiwo sayo.
Isiseko seMicroscopic: "Ucwangco oluphazamisekileyo" kwiNqanaba leAtomic
Ngokwembono yeathomu, inxalenye ephambili yefiberglass yisilicon dioxide (ngesiqhelo yi-50%-70% ngokobunzima), kunye nezinye izinto ezifana necalcium oxide, imagnesium oxide, kunye ne-aluminium oxide zongezwa ukulungisa iimpawu zayo. Ulungiselelo lwala ma-athomu lumisela iimpawu ezisisiseko zefiberglass.
Ngokungafaniyo "nolandelelwano olude" lweeathom kwizinto zekristale (ezifana neentsimbi okanye iikristale zequartz), ulungelelwaniso lweathom kwifiberglass lubonisa"umyalelo omfutshane, ukuphazamiseka kwexesha elide."Ngamafutshane, kwindawo ethile (ngaphakathi koluhlu lweeathom ezimbalwa), iathom nganye yesilicon idibana neeathom ezine zeoksijini, zenze iphiramidi efana nephiramidi.“isilica tetrahedron”isakhiwo. Olu lungiselelo lwendawo lucwangcisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, ezi silica tetrahedra azenzi i-lattice ephindaphindayo rhoqo njengakwikristale. Endaweni yoko, ziqhagamshelwe ngokungacwangciswanga kwaye zibekwe ngendlela engacwangciswanga, njengenqwaba yeebhloko zokwakha ezidityaniswe ngokungacwangciswanga, zenza isakhiwo seglasi esingenasimo.
Olu lwakhiwo olungenasimo lunye lolona mahluko aphambili phakathii-fiberglasskunye neglasi eqhelekileyo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa iglasi eqhelekileyo, iiathom zinexesha elaneleyo lokwenza iikristale ezincinci, ezicwangciswe kwindawo ethile, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni zibe buthathaka kakhulu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-fiberglass yenziwa ngokuzolula ngokukhawuleza nangokupholisa iglasi enyibilikisiweyo. Iiathom azinaxesha lokuzilungiselela ngendlela ehlelekileyo kwaye "ziqandisiwe" kule meko ingaqhelekanga, engenasimo. Oku kunciphisa iziphene kwimida yekristale, okuvumela ifayibha ukuba igcine iipropati zeglasi ngelixa ifumana ukuqina okungcono kunye namandla okutsala.
Ulwakhiwo lweMonofilament: Into efanayo ukusuka "kwisikhumba" ukuya "kwisiXhoko"
I-fiberglass esiyibonayo yenziwe ngezinto ezininziii-monofilaments, kodwa i-monofilament nganye yiyunithi epheleleyo yesakhiwo ngokwayo. I-monofilament idla ngokuba nobubanzi obuyi-5-20 micrometers (malunga ne-1/5 ukuya kwi-1/2 ububanzi beenwele zomntu). Ulwakhiwo lwayo lufana“Imo eqinileyo ye-cylindrical”ngaphandle kokwahlulwa okucacileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwembono yokusasazwa kokwakheka ngemicroscope, kukho umahluko omncinci "ophakathi kwesikhumba".
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuzoba, njengoko iglasi enyibilikisiweyo ikhutshwa kwimingxunya emincinci ye-spinneret, umphezulu uphola ngokukhawuleza xa udibana nomoya, wenze umngxuma omncinci kakhulu.“ulusu”umaleko (malunga ne-0.1-0.5 micrometers ubukhulu). Olu maleko lolusu luphola ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunolwangaphakathi"isiseko."Ngenxa yoko, umxholo we-silicon dioxide kumaleko wesikhumba uphezulu kancinci kunakwi-core, kwaye ulungelelwaniso lwe-athomu luxinene kwaye luneempazamo ezimbalwa. Lo mahluko uncinci ekubunjweni nasekubunjweni kwenza umphezulu we-monofilament ube namandla ngakumbi ngokuqina kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kune-core. Ikwanciphisa amathuba okuqhekeka komphezulu—ukusilela kwezinto kudla ngokuqala ngeziphene zomphezulu, kwaye olu sikhumba lukhuni lusebenza njenge-"shell" ekhuselayo ye-monofilament.
Ukongeza kumahluko omncinci phakathi kolusu nomzimba, umgangatho ophezului-fiberglassI-monofilament ikwanayo ne-symmetry ejikelezayo kakhulu kwicandelo layo elinqamlezileyo, kunye nempazamo yobubanzi elawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-1 micrometer. Olu lwakhiwo lwejometri efanayo luqinisekisa ukuba xa i-monofilament ixinezelekile, uxinzelelo lusasazwa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke icandelo elinqamlezileyo, nto leyo ethintela uxinzelelo olubangelwa kukungalingani kobukhulu bendawo kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe amandla okuxinana ngokubanzi.
Ulwakhiwo Oluqokelelweyo: Umdibaniso Ocwangcisiweyo we-"Yarn" kunye ne-"Fabric"
Nangona ii-monofilaments zomelele, ububanzi bazo buncinci kakhulu ukuba zingasetyenziselwa zodwa. Ke ngoko, i-fiberglass ihlala ikhona ngendlela ye-"ngokudibeneyo,"ngokuqhelekileyo njenge“Umsonto weglasi yefayibha”kwaye"Ilaphu le-fiberglass."Ulwakhiwo lwazo lubangelwa kukudibana okucwangcisiweyo kwee-monofilaments.
Intambo ye-fiberglass yingqokelela yee-monofilaments ezininzi ukuya kumawaka, ezihlanganiswe ngababini okanye ngababini."ukujija"okanye ukuba"ayijikwanga."Intambo engajijwanga yingqokelela ekhululekileyo yee-monofilaments ezilinganayo, ezinesakhiwo esilula, esisetyenziselwa ukwenza uboya beglasi, iifayibha ezinqunqiweyo, njl. Kwelinye icala, intambo ejijwayo yenziwa ngokujija ii-monofilaments kunye, kudala isakhiwo esijikelezayo esifana nomsonto wekotoni. Esi sakhiwo sonyusa amandla okubopha phakathi kwee-monofilaments, sithintela intambo ukuba ingaqhekeki phantsi koxinzelelo, siyenze ifaneleke ukuluka, ukujija, kunye nezinye iindlela zokucubungula.“bala”yolusu (isalathisi esibonisa inani lee-monofilaments, umzekelo, ulusu lwe-tex oluyi-1200 lwenziwe zii-monofilaments eziyi-1200) kunye"jija"(inani lokujika ngobude beyunithi nganye) lichaza ngokuthe ngqo amandla entambo, ukuguquguquka kwayo, kunye nokusebenza kwayo emva koko.
Ilaphu le-fiberglass lisakhiwo esifana neshiti esenziwe ngentambo ye-fiberglass ngenkqubo yokuluka. Iintambo ezintathu ezisisiseko ze-plain, twill, kunye ne-satin.Ukuluka okuqhelekileyoIlaphu lenziwa ngokudibanisa imisonto ye-warp kunye neye-weft ngokutshintshana, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isakhiwo esiqinileyo sibe nokuvuleka okuphantsi kodwa siqine ngokulinganayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba sifaneleke njengesixhobo esisisiseko sezinto ezidityanisiweyo.ukuluka kwe-twillIlaphu, imisonto egobileyo kunye nemisonto ye-weft ziyadibana ngomlinganiselo we-2:1 okanye 3:1, nto leyo eyenza ipateni ethe tyaba kumphezulu. Iguquguquka ngakumbi kunemisonto ethe tyaba kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiimveliso ezifuna ukugotywa okanye ukumila.Ukuluka kweSatinineendawo ezimbalwa zokunxibelelanisa, kunye neentambo ezigobileyo okanye ezithambileyo ezenza imigca eqhubekayo yokudada phezu komphezulu. Olu luthungo luthambile xa luchukunyiswa kwaye lunomphezulu ogudileyo, okwenza ukuba lufaneleke kwiindawo zokuhombisa okanye ezingenanto yokungqubana.
Nokuba yintambo okanye ilaphu, eyona nto iphambili kulwakhiwo oludibeneyo kukufezekisa uphuculo lokusebenza“1+1>2″ngokusebenzisa indibaniselwano ecwangcisiweyo yee-monofilaments. Ii-monofilaments zibonelela ngamandla asisiseko, ngelixa ulwakhiwo oludibeneyo lunika izinto iifom ezahlukeneyo, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokuguquguquka kokucubungula ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekugqumeni ubushushu ukuya ekuqiniseni ulwakhiwo.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-16-2025
