I-World Health Organization iqikelela ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-785 abanawo umthombo wamanzi okusela ococekileyo. Nangona i-71% yomhlaba igqunywe ngamanzi olwandle, asinakusela amanzi.
Izazinzulu kwihlabathi liphela bezisebenza nzima ukufumana indlela esebenzayo yokususa ityuwa emanzini olwandle ngexabiso eliphantsi. Ngoku, iqela lezazinzulu zaseMzantsi Korea lisenokuba lifumene indlela yokucoca amanzi olwandle ngemizuzu embalwa.
Amanzi acocekileyo afunekayo kwimisebenzi yabantu abandakanya i-2.5% kuphela yemithombo yamanzi ekhoyo emhlabeni. Ukutshintsha kweemeko zemozulu kukhokelele kutshintsho kwimvula kunye nokomisa kwemilambo, nto leyo ebangele ukuba amazwe abhengeze ukunqongophala kwamanzi okokuqala kwimbali yawo. Akumangalisi ukuba ukususwa kwetyuwa yeyona ndlela ilula yokusombulula le ngxaki. Kodwa ezi nkqubo zinemida yazo.
Xa usebenzisa i-membrane ukucoca amanzi olwandle, i-membrane kufuneka igcinwe yomile ixesha elide. Ukuba i-membrane iba manzi, inkqubo yokucoca ayizukusebenza kwaye ivumele ityuwa eninzi ukuba idlule kwi-membrane. Ukusebenza ixesha elide, ukumanzisa kancinci kwe-membrane kuhlala kubonwa, okunokusombulula ngokutshintsha i-membrane.
Xa usebenzisa i-membrane ukucoca amanzi olwandle, i-membrane kufuneka igcinwe yomile ixesha elide. Ukuba i-membrane iba manzi, inkqubo yokucoca ayizukusebenza kwaye ivumele ityuwa eninzi ukuba idlule kwi-membrane. Ukusebenza ixesha elide, ukumanzisa kancinci kwe-membrane kuhlala kubonwa, okunokusombulula ngokutshintsha i-membrane.
Ukungangeni kwamanzi kwe-membrane kuyanceda kuba uyilo lwayo aluvumeli iimolekyuli zamanzi ukuba zidlule.
Endaweni yoko, umahluko wobushushu usetyenziswa kumacala omabini efilimu ukuze amanzi aphume kwelinye icala aye kumphunga wamanzi. Le membrane ivumela umphunga wamanzi ukuba udlule uze ujike uye kwicala elipholileyo. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-membrane distillation, le yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu yokususa ityuwa kwi-membrane. Ekubeni amasuntswana etyuwa engaguqulwanga abe yi-gaseous state, ashiywa kwelinye icala le-membrane, nto leyo enika amanzi acocekileyo kakhulu kwelinye icala.
Abaphandi baseMzantsi Korea basebenzise i-silica aerogel kwinkqubo yabo yokwenza i-membrane, nto leyo ephucula ngakumbi ukuhamba komphunga wamanzi kwi-membrane, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufikeleleni ngokukhawuleza kumanzi asuswe ityuwa. Iqela livavanye ubuchwepheshe balo kangangeentsuku ezingama-30 zilandelelana kwaye lafumanisa ukuba i-membrane inokucoca rhoqo i-99.9% yetyuwa.
Endaweni yoko, umahluko wobushushu usetyenziswa kumacala omabini efilimu ukuze amanzi aphume kwelinye icala aye kumphunga wamanzi. Le membrane ivumela umphunga wamanzi ukuba udlule uze ujike uye kwicala elipholileyo. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-membrane distillation, le yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu yokususa ityuwa kwi-membrane. Ekubeni amasuntswana etyuwa engaguqulwanga abe yi-gaseous state, ashiywa kwelinye icala le-membrane, nto leyo enika amanzi acocekileyo kakhulu kwelinye icala.
Abaphandi baseMzantsi Korea basebenzise i-silica aerogel kwinkqubo yabo yokwenza i-membrane, nto leyo ephucula ngakumbi ukuhamba komphunga wamanzi kwi-membrane, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufikeleleni ngokukhawuleza kumanzi asuswe ityuwa. Iqela livavanye ubuchwepheshe balo kangangeentsuku ezingama-30 zilandelelana kwaye lafumanisa ukuba i-membrane inokucoca rhoqo i-99.9% yetyuwa.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-09-2021
