Izinto ezidityanisiweyo bezisetyenziswa kwezorhwebo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-50. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuthengiswa, zisetyenziswa kuphela kwizicelo eziphezulu ezifana neenqwelo moya kunye nokhuselo. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buhambela phambili, izinto ezidityanisiweyo ziqala ukuthengiswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo abasebenzisi bokugqibela afana neempahla zemidlalo, iinqwelomoya, iimoto, ezolwandle, ubunjineli bokwakha kunye nokwakha. Okwangoku, ixabiso lezinto ezidityanisiweyo (zombini izinto ezikrwada kunye nemveliso) lehle kakhulu xa lithelekiswa neminyaka edlulileyo, nto leyo evumela ukuba zisetyenziswe ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kumashishini amaninzi.
Izinto ezidityanisiweyo zingumxube wefayibha kunye nezinto zeresin ngokwemilinganiselo ethile. Ngelixa i-resin matrix imisela imo yokugqibela ye-composite, iifayibha zisebenza njengeziqiniselo zokuqinisa inxalenye edityanisiweyo. Umlinganiselo we-resin kwifayibha uyahluka ngokwamandla kunye nokuqina kwenxalenye efunekayo yiTier 1 okanye uMenzi weZixhobo zoQoqosho (OEM).
Ulwakhiwo oluphambili oluthwala umthwalo lufuna umlinganiselo ophezulu weefayibha xa kuthelekiswa ne-resin matrix, ngelixa ulwakhiwo lwesibini lufuna ikota kuphela yeefayibha ezikwi-resin matrix. Oku kusebenza kumashishini amaninzi, umlinganiselo we-resin kwifayibha uxhomekeke kwindlela yokwenziwa.
Ishishini leenqanawa zaselwandle libe yeyona nto iphambili ekusetyenzisweni kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo kwihlabathi liphela, kuquka nezinto ezisisiseko sefoam. Nangona kunjalo, likwajongene nokuhla, ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa kucotha kwaye iimpahla zisanda. Oku kuncipha kwemfuno kusenokuba kungenxa yokuqaphela kwabathengi, ukwehla kwamandla okuthenga, kunye nokutshintshwa kwezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo kwimisebenzi yeshishini enenzuzo nephambili. Iinqanawa zaselwandle nazo zihlengahlengisa iimveliso zazo kunye namaqhinga oshishino ukunciphisa ilahleko. Ngeli xesha, iinqanawa ezininzi ezincinci zanyanzeleka ukuba zirhoxe okanye zithengwe ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yimali yokusebenza, zingakwazi ukugcina ishishini eliqhelekileyo. Ukuveliswa kweenqanawa ezinkulu (>iinyawo ezingama-35) kwachaphazeleka, ngelixa iinqanawa ezincinci (
Kutheni kusetyenziswe izinto ezidityanisiweyo?
Izinto ezidityanisiweyo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi ngaphezu kwesinyithi nezinye izinto zemveli, ezifana nomthi, ekwakhiweni kwesikhephe. Xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi ezifana nentsimbi okanye i-aluminium, izinto ezidityanisiweyo zinokunciphisa ubunzima benxalenye nge-30 ukuya kwi-40 ekhulwini. Ukunciphisa ubunzima ngokubanzi kuzisa uthotho lweenzuzo zesibini, ezifana neendleko zokusebenza eziphantsi, ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezitshisayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo kukwanciphisa ubunzima ngakumbi ngokuphelisa izinto zokubopha ngokudibanisa izinto.
Ii-composites zikwanika abakhi beenqanawa inkululeko enkulu yoyilo, nto leyo eyenza kube nokwenzeka ukwenza iindawo ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo. Ukongeza, ii-composites ezinee-composites zineendleko eziphantsi kakhulu zomjikelo wobomi ukuba umntu uzithelekisa nezixhobo ezikhuphisanayo ngenxa yeendleko zazo eziphantsi zokugcinwa kunye neendleko zokufakelwa kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwazo ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kunye nokuqina kwazo. Akumangalisi ukuba ii-composites ziyamkelwa phakathi kwee-OEM zeenqanawa kunye nababoneleli beTier 1.
I-composite yolwandle
Nangona kukho ukusilela kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo, uninzi lweendawo zokuloba iinqanawa kunye nababoneleli beTier 1 basakholelwa ukuba izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezininzi ziya kusetyenziswa kwiinqanawa zaselwandle.
Nangona iinqanawa ezinkulu kulindeleke ukuba zisebenzise izinto ezidityanisiweyo eziphucukileyo ezifana neeplastiki eziqinisiweyo ze-carbon fiber (CFRP), iinqanawa ezincinci ziya kuba ngumqhubi ophambili wemfuno iyonke yezinto ezidityanisiweyo zaselwandle. Umzekelo, kwiinqanawa ezininzi ezintsha kunye nee-catamarans, izinto ezidityanisiweyo eziphucukileyo, ezifana ne-carbon fiber/epoxy kunye ne-polyurethane foam, zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-hulls, ii-keels, ii-decks, ii-transoms, ii-rigs, ii-bulkheads, ii-stringers kunye nee-masts, Kodwa ezi superyachts okanye ii-catamarans zenza inxalenye encinci yemfuno iyonke yeenqanawa.
Nangona kukho ukusilela kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo, uninzi lweendawo zokuloba iinqanawa kunye nababoneleli beTier 1 basakholelwa ukuba izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezininzi ziya kusetyenziswa kwiinqanawa zaselwandle.
Nangona iinqanawa ezinkulu kulindeleke ukuba zisebenzise izinto ezidityanisiweyo eziphucukileyo ezifana neeplastiki eziqinisiweyo ze-carbon fiber (CFRP), iinqanawa ezincinci ziya kuba ngumqhubi ophambili wemfuno iyonke yezinto ezidityanisiweyo zaselwandle. Umzekelo, kwiinqanawa ezininzi ezintsha kunye nee-catamarans, izinto ezidityanisiweyo eziphucukileyo, ezifana ne-carbon fiber/epoxy kunye ne-polyurethane foam, zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-hulls, ii-keels, ii-decks, ii-transoms, ii-rigs, ii-bulkheads, ii-stringers kunye nee-masts, Kodwa ezi superyachts okanye ii-catamarans zenza inxalenye encinci yemfuno iyonke yeenqanawa.
Imfuno iyonke yezikhephe ibandakanya izikhephe ezinenjini (ezingaphakathi, ezingaphandle nezingasemva), izikhephe zejethi, izikhephe zamanzi zabucala kunye nezikhephe zeseyile (ii-yachts).
Amaxabiso ee-composites aza kunyuka kakhulu, njengoko amaxabiso ee-fiber zeglasi, ii-thermosets kunye nee-thermoplastic resins aza kunyuka ngamaxabiso eoyile ekrwada kunye nezinye iindleko zokungenisa. Nangona kunjalo, amaxabiso e-carbon fiber kulindeleke ukuba ehle kungekudala ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla emveliso kunye nophuhliso lwezinto eziza kuqala. Kodwa impembelelo yayo iyonke kumaxabiso e-composite aselwandle ayizukuba nkulu, njengoko iiplastiki eziqiniswe yi-carbon fiber zibangela inxalenye encinci yemfuno yee-composite zaselwandle.
Kwelinye icala, iifayibha zeglasi zisezezona zinto ziphambili zefayibha kwiimveliso zolwandle, kwaye iipolyester ezingagcwaliyo kunye nee-ester zevinyl zezona zinto ziphambili zepolymer. I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) iya kuqhubeka nokubamba isabelo esikhulu kwimarike ye-foam core.
Ngokwezibalo, izinto ezidityanisiweyo zefayibha yeglasi (i-GFRP) zingaphezulu kwe-80% yemfuno iyonke yezinto ezidityanisiweyo zaselwandle, ngelixa izinto ezisisiseko sefoam zingaphezulu kwe-15%. Ezinye ziiplastiki ezidityanisiweyo zefayibha yekhabhoni, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinqanawa ezinkulu kunye nezicelo zempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwiimarike ze-niche.
Imarike yezixhobo zolwandle ezikhulayo ikwabona umkhwa wokufumana izixhobo ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe. Ababoneleli bezixhobo zolwandle baqalise ukufuna izinto ezintsha, bezisa ii-bio-resins ezintsha, iifayibha zendalo, iipolyester ezikhupha umoya omncinci, iiprepreg eziphantsi koxinzelelo, iicores kunye nezixhobo zefiberglass ezilukiweyo. Konke malunga nokwandisa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nokuhlaziywa, ukunciphisa umxholo we-styrene, kunye nokuphucula ukucutshungulwa kunye nomgangatho womphezulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-05-2022
