Izinto eziyintlanganisela zisetyenziselwe urhwebo ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50.Kwizigaba zokuqala zokuthengisa, zisetyenziselwa kuphela izicelo eziphezulu ezifana ne-aerospace kunye nokukhusela.Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuhambela phambili, izixhobo ezihlanganisiweyo ziqala ukuthengiswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo abasebenzisi bokugqibela afana neempahla zemidlalo, ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya, iimoto, zaselwandle, ubunjineli boluntu kunye nokwakha.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iindleko zezinto ezidibeneyo (zombini izinto eziluhlaza kunye nokuveliswa) ziye zehla kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka edlulileyo, ezivumela ukuba zisetyenziswe ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kwinani elikhulayo lamashishini.
Izinto ezihlanganisiweyo zingumxube wefiber kunye ne-resin ye-resin kumlinganiselo othile.Ngelixa i-matrix ye-resin imisela ukumila kokugqibela kwe-composite, iifibers zisebenza njengezomeleza ukuqinisa inxalenye edibeneyo.Umlinganiselo we-resin kwi-fiber uyahluka ngamandla kunye nokuqina kwenxalenye efunwa yi-Tier 1 okanye uMenzi weZixhobo zoMgangatho (OEM).
Isakhiwo esisisiseko somthwalo sidinga umlinganiselo ophezulu weefayili xa kuthelekiswa ne-matrix ye-resin, ngelixa isakhiwo sesibini sidinga kuphela ikota yeefayili kwi-matrix ye-resin.Oku kusebenza kumashishini amaninzi, umlinganiselo we-resin kwifiber uxhomekeke kwindlela yokuvelisa.
Ishishini le-yacht yaselwandle iye yaba yeyona nto iphambili ekusetyenzisweni kwehlabathi kwemathiriyeli ehlanganisiweyo, kubandakanya izinto eziphambili zegwebu.Nangona kunjalo, iphinde yafumana ukwehla, kunye nokucotha kokwakhiwa kweenqanawa kunye noluhlu lwezinto ezinyukayo.Oku kwehliswa kwemfuno kunokubangelwa kukulumnkiswa kwabathengi, ukuhla kwamandla okuthenga, kunye nokwabiwa ngokutsha kwezibonelelo ezinyiniweyo ukuya kwimisebenzi yeshishini enenzuzo ngakumbi kunye nengundoqo.Abashishina bakwalungisa iimveliso zabo kunye nezicwangciso zabo zoshishino ukunciphisa ilahleko.Ngeli xesha, iindawo ezininzi zeenqanawa ezincinci zaphoqeleka ukuba zihoxise okanye zifunyanwe ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yinkunzi yokusebenza, ayikwazi ukugcina ishishini eliqhelekileyo.Ukuveliswa kwee-yachts ezinkulu (> i-35 inyawo) kwathatha i-hit, ngelixa iinqanawa ezincinci (<24 iinyawo) zaba yingqwalasela yokuvelisa.
Kutheni imathiriyeli edibeneyo?
Izinto ezidibeneyo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi ngaphezu kwesinyithi kunye nezinye izinto zemveli, ezifana nemithi, ekwakhiweni kweenqanawa.Xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi ezifana nentsimbi okanye i-aluminium, izinto ezidibeneyo zinganciphisa ubunzima obupheleleyo benxalenye ngama-30 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini.Ukunciphisa ngokubanzi ubunzima kuzisa i-litany yezibonelelo zesibini, ezifana neendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza, ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse ephantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha.Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezidibeneyo kunciphisa ubunzima ngokuqhubekayo ngokuphelisa i-fasteners ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwecandelo.
IiComposites zikwabonelela abakhi bezikhephe inkululeko enkulu yoyilo, okwenza kube lula ukwenza iinxalenye ezinemilo entsonkothileyo.Ukongezelela, amacandelo adibeneyo aneendleko eziphantsi kakhulu zomjikelo wobomi ukuba umntu uzithelekisa nezinto ezikhuphisanayo ngenxa yeendleko zabo zokugcinwa okuphantsi kunye neendleko zabo zokufakela kunye neendleko zokuhlanganisa ngenxa yokumelana nokubola kunye nokuqina Kwakhona kuphantsi.Ayimangalisi into yokuba ii-composites zifumana ukwamkelwa phakathi kwee-OEM zesikhephe kunye nababoneleli beTier 1.
I-Marine composite
Ngaphandle kokungaphumeleli kwezinto ezidibeneyo, iindawo ezininzi zeenqanawa kunye nabanikezeli be-Tier 1 basaqinisekile ukuba izinto ezininzi ezidibeneyo ziya kusetyenziswa kwiiyacht zaselwandle.
Ngelixa amaphenyane amakhulu kulindeleke ukuba asebenzise ii-composites eziphambili kakhulu ezifana ne-carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP), izikhephe ezincinci ziya kuba ngumqhubi oyintloko wemfuno ebanzi yee-composites zaselwandle. njenge-carbon fiber / epoxy kunye ne-polyurethane foam, zisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-hulls, i-keels, i-decks, i-transoms, i-rigs, i-bulkheads, i-stringers kunye ne-masts, Kodwa ezi zi-superyachts okanye i-catamarans zenza inxalenye encinci yemfuno yesikhephe esipheleleyo.
Ngaphandle kokungaphumeleli kwezinto ezidibeneyo, iindawo ezininzi zeenqanawa kunye nabanikezeli be-Tier 1 basaqinisekile ukuba izinto ezininzi ezidibeneyo ziya kusetyenziswa kwiiyacht zaselwandle.
Ngelixa amaphenyane amakhulu kulindeleke ukuba asebenzise ii-composites eziphambili kakhulu ezifana ne-carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP), izikhephe ezincinci ziya kuba ngumqhubi oyintloko wemfuno ebanzi yee-composites zaselwandle. njenge-carbon fiber / epoxy kunye ne-polyurethane foam, zisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-hulls, i-keels, i-decks, i-transoms, i-rigs, i-bulkheads, i-stringers kunye ne-masts, Kodwa ezi zi-superyachts okanye i-catamarans zenza inxalenye encinci yemfuno yesikhephe esipheleleyo.
Iyonke imfuno yezikhephe ibandakanya izikhitshane ezinenjini (ngaphakathi, i-outboard kunye ne-stern drive), izikhephe zejethi, iinqanawa zabucala zamanzi kunye nezikhephe zeseyile (izikhephe).
Amaxabiso e-Composites aya kuba kwinqanaba elinyukayo, njengoko amaxabiso eentsinga zeglasi, ii-thermosets kunye ne-thermoplastic resins ziya kunyuka ngamaxabiso e-oyile ekrwada kunye nezinye iindleko zokufaka.Nangona kunjalo, amaxabiso e-carbon fiber kulindeleke ukuba ehle kwikamva elingekude ngenxa yokwanda komthamo wemveliso kunye nophuhliso lwezinye izandulela.Kodwa impembelelo yayo yonke kumaxabiso ahlanganisiweyo olwandle ayizukuba nkulu, njengoko iiplastiki eziqiniswe ngekhabhoni zithatha inxalenye encinci yeemfuno zemihlanganisela yaselwandle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iifiber zeglasi zisezona zinto ziphambili zefiber ze-composites zaselwandle, kwaye iipolyester ezingaxutywanga kunye ne-vinyl esters zezona zinto ziphambili zepolymer.I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) iya kuqhubeka ibambe isabelo esikhulu semakethi engundoqo ye-foam.
Ngokwezibalo, i-glass fiber reinforced composite materials (GFRP) yenza ngaphezu kwe-80% yemfuno epheleleyo yezinto ezidibeneyo zaselwandle, ngelixa izinto ezingundoqo ze-foam zithatha i-15%.Ezinye ziiplastiki zekhabhoni ezomeleziweyo zefayibha, ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizikhephe ezinkulu kunye nezicelo ezinempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwiimarike ze-niche.
Imakethi ekhulayo yee-composites zaselwandle ikwangqina umkhwa osiya kwimathiriyeli entsha kunye nobuchwepheshe.Ababoneleli bemihlanganisela yaselwandle baye baqalisa ukufuna izinto ezintsha, ukwazisa i-bio-resin ezintsha, iifiber zendalo, iipolyester ezikhutshwa kancinci, iiprepregs ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi, iicores kunye nezixhobo ezilukiweyo zefiberglass.Kuko konke malunga nokunyusa ukusebenziseka kwakhona kunye nokuvuselelwa, ukunciphisa umxholo we-styrene, kunye nokuphucula ukuqhubekeka kunye nomgangatho womphezulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-05-2022