iindaba

1) Ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nobomi obude benkonzo

Iipayipi ze-FRP zinokumelana okuhle nokugqwala, zimelana nokugqwala okuvela kwii-asidi, ii-alkali, iityuwa, amanzi olwandle, amanzi amdaka aneoyile, umhlaba ogqwalayo, kunye namanzi angaphantsi komhlaba—oko kukuthi, izinto ezininzi zeekhemikhali. Zikwabonisa ukumelana okuhle nee-oxides ezinamandla kunye nee-halogens. Ke ngoko, ubomi bale mibhobho buyandiswa kakhulu, ngokubanzi budlula iminyaka engama-30. Iimodeli zelebhu zibonisa ukubaImibhobho ye-FRPinokuba nobomi benkonzo obungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iipayipi zesinyithi kwiindawo ezisezantsi, ezine-saline-alkali, okanye kwezinye iindawo ezirhabaxa kakhulu zifuna ukulungiswa emva kweminyaka emi-3-5 kuphela, ubomi benkonzo obumalunga neminyaka eli-15-20 kuphela, kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokugcinwa kwizigaba zokugqibela zokusetyenziswa. Amava asebenzayo asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe abonakalise ukuba iipayipi ze-FRP zigcina i-85% yamandla azo emva kweminyaka eli-15 kunye ne-75% emva kweminyaka engama-25, kunye neendleko zokugcinwa eziphantsi. Zombini ezi xabiso zidlula izinga elincinci lokugcina amandla elifunekayo kwiimveliso ze-FRP ezisetyenziswa kushishino lweekhemikhali emva konyaka omnye wokusetyenziswa. Ubomi benkonzo yeepayipi ze-FRP, into exhalabisa kakhulu, bubonakaliswe yidatha yovavanyo evela kwizicelo zokwenyani. 1) Iimpawu zeHydraulic eziBalaseleyo: Iipayipi ze-FRP (iplastiki eqinisiweyo yefiberglass) ezifakwe e-US ngeminyaka yoo-1960 bezisetyenziswa iminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 kwaye zisasebenza ngokwesiqhelo.

2) Iimpawu ezilungileyo zeHydraulic

Iindonga zangaphakathi ezithambileyo, ukungqubana okuphantsi kwamanzi, ukonga amandla, kunye nokumelana nokukrala kunye nokugqwala. Iipayipi zesinyithi zineendonga zangaphakathi ezirhabaxa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho ukungqubana okuphezulu okwanda ngokukhawuleza xa kukho ukugqwala, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokuxhathisa ngakumbi. Umphezulu orhabaxa ukwabonelela ngeemeko zokubekwa kwesikali. Nangona kunjalo, iipayipi ze-FRP zirhabaxa ze-0.0053, eziyi-2.65% yeepayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo, kwaye iipayipi zeplastiki ezihlanganisiweyo eziqinisiweyo zirhabaxa ze-0.001 kuphela, eziyi-0.5% yeepayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo. Ke ngoko, ngenxa yokuba udonga lwangaphakathi luhlala lurhabaxa ubomi balo bonke, ukuxhathisa okuphantsi kunciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka koxinzelelo kumbhobho, konga amandla, kwandisa amandla okuthutha, kwaye kuzisa iingenelo ezinkulu kwezoqoqosho. Umphezulu orhabaxa ukwathintela ukufakwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo ezifana neebhaktheriya, isikali, kunye newax, okuthintela ungcoliseko lwesixhobo esithuthwayo.

3) Ukuchasana nokwaluphala, Ukumelana nobushushu, kunye nokungaqandisi

Iipayipi ze-fiberglass zingasetyenziswa ixesha elide ngaphakathi kobubanzi bobushushu obuphakathi kwe--40 ukuya kwi-80℃. Iiresini ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu ezineefomyula ezikhethekileyo zinokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-200℃. Kwiipayipi ezisetyenziswa ngaphandle ixesha elide, kongezwa izifunxi ze-ultraviolet kumphezulu ongaphandle ukuze kupheliswe imitha ye-ultraviolet kwaye kuncitshiswe ukuguga.

4) Ukuqhuba okuphantsi kobushushu, ubushushu obuhle kunye neempawu zobushushu bombane

Ukuqhuba kobushushu bezinto zepayipi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kuboniswe kwiTheyibhile 1. Ukuqhuba kobushushu bemibhobho yefiberglass yi-0.4 W/m·K, malunga ne-8‰ yentsimbi, nto leyo ebangela ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu. I-Fiberglass kunye nezinye izinto ezingezizo zesinyithi azikwazi ukukhupha ubushushu, zinokuxhathisa ubushushu obuyi-10¹² ukuya kwi-10¹⁵ Ω·cm, nto leyo ebonelela ngokukhusela umbane okugqwesileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezineentambo zothumelo lwamandla axineneyo kunye neentambo zonxibelelwano kunye neendawo ezisengozini yokubetha kombane.

5) Ilula, inamandla aphezulu, kwaye inokumelana nokudinwa kakuhle

Uxinano lweiplastiki eqinisiweyo yefayibha (i-FRP)iphakathi kwe-1.6 kunye ne-2.0 g/cm³, ephindwe ka-1-2 kuphela kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo kwaye malunga ne-1/3 ye-aluminium. Ngenxa yokuba iifayibha eziqhubekayo kwi-FRP zinamandla aphezulu okutsalwa kunye ne-elastic modulus, amandla ayo oomatshini anokufikelela okanye adlule lawo entsimbi eqhelekileyo yekhabhoni, kwaye amandla ayo athile aphindwe kane kunawentsimbi. Itheyibhile 2 ibonisa uthelekiso loxinano, amandla okutsalwa, kunye namandla athile e-FRP kunye neentsimbi ezininzi. Izinto ze-FRP zinokumelana okuhle nokudinwa. Ukungaphumeleli kokudinwa kwizixhobo zesinyithi kuvela ngequbuliso ngaphakathi ngaphandle, rhoqo ngaphandle kwesilumkiso sangaphambili; nangona kunjalo, kwii-composites eziqiniswe ngefayibha, unxibelelwano phakathi kweefayibha kunye ne-matrix lunokuthintela ukwanda kweentanda, kwaye ukungaphumeleli kokudinwa kuhlala kuqala kwindawo ebuthathaka kwizixhobo. Iipayipi ze-FRP zinokucwangciswa ukuba zibe namandla ahlukeneyo okutsalwa kunye nokutsalwa ngokutshintsha i-fiber layup ukuze ihambelane nemeko yoxinzelelo, kuxhomekeke kumandla ajikelezayo kunye nokutsalwa.

6) Ukumelana kakuhle nokuguguleka

Ngokweemvavanyo ezifanelekileyo, phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo nasemva kwemijikelo yomthwalo engama-250,000, ukuguguleka kwemibhobho yentsimbi bekumalunga ne-8.4 mm, imibhobho yesamente ye-asbestos imalunga ne-5.5 mm, imibhobho yekhonkrithi imalunga ne-2.6 mm (enesakhiwo somphezulu ofanayo ne-PCCP), imibhobho yodongwe imalunga ne-2.2 mm, imibhobho ye-polyethylene enoxinano oluphezulu imalunga ne-0.9 mm, ngelixa imibhobho ye-fiberglass iguguleka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.3 mm kuphela. Ukuguguleka komphezulu kwemibhobho ye-fiberglass kuncinci kakhulu, yi-0.3 mm kuphela xa kukho imithwalo enzima. Phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo, ukuguguleka komphezulu kumphezulu wangaphakathi wombhobho we-fiberglass akunamsebenzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba umphezulu wangaphakathi wombhobho we-fiberglass wenziwe yi-resin enomxholo ophezulu kunye ne-glass fiber mat eqoshiweyo, kwaye umaleko we-resin kumphezulu wangaphakathi ukhusela ngempumelelo ekuvezweni yi-fiber.

7) Uyilo oluhle

I-Fiberglass yinto edibeneyo eneentlobo zezinto eziluhlaza, ubungakanani, kunye nokulungiswa kwazo kunokutshintshwa ukuze kuhambelane neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Iipayipi ze-Fiberglass zinokuyilwa kwaye zenziwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzisi, ezinje ngamaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo, amazinga okuhamba, uxinzelelo, ubunzulu bokungcwaba, kunye neemeko zomthwalo, nto leyo ebangela iipayipi ezinokumelana nobushushu obahlukeneyo, amazinga oxinzelelo, kunye namanqanaba okuqina.Iipayipi ze-fiberglassUkusebenzisa iiresini ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-200℃. Izixhobo zombhobho we-fiberglass kulula ukuzenza. Iiflanges, iingqiniba, ii-tee, ii-reducers, njl.njl., zingenziwa ngokungacwangciswanga. Umzekelo, iiflanges zinokudityaniswa nayo nayiphi na i-flange yentsimbi enoxinzelelo olufanayo kunye nobubanzi bombhobho obuhambelana nemigangatho yesizwe. Iingqiniba zingenziwa nangayiphi na i-engile ngokweemfuno zendawo yokwakha. Kwezinye izixhobo zombhobho, ii-elbows, ii-tee, kunye nezinye izixhobo kunzima ukuzenza ngaphandle kweendawo ezisemgangathweni zeenkcukacha ezichaziweyo.

8) Iindleko eziphantsi zokwakha kunye nokugcinwa

Iipayipi ze-fiberglass zilula, zinamandla aphezulu, ziyanyibilika lula, kulula ukuzithutha, kwaye kulula ukuzifaka, azifuni mlilo uvulekileyo, ziqinisekisa ukwakhiwa okukhuselekileyo. Ubude bepayipi enye ende bunciphisa inani lamalungu kwiprojekthi kwaye bususa isidingo sokuthintela umhlwa, ukulwa nokungcola, ukugquma, kunye namanyathelo okugcina ubushushu, nto leyo ebangela iindleko eziphantsi zokwakha kunye nokugcinwa. Ukhuseleko lwe-cathodic alufuneki kwiipayipi ezigqunyiweyo, nto leyo enokonga ngaphezulu kwe-70% yeendleko zokugcinwa kobunjineli.