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Umaleko wangaphakathi wesitya soxinzelelo lwe-fiber-wound ngokuyintloko sisakhiwo se-lining, esimsebenzi waso oyintloko kukusebenza njengomqobo wokuvala ukuthintela ukuvuza kwegesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye ulwelo olugcinwe ngaphakathi, ngelixa sikhusela umaleko wangaphandle we-fiber-wound. Olu maleko alungcoliswa zizinto ezigcinwe ngaphakathi, kwaye umaleko wangaphandle ngumaleko we-fiber-wound oqiniswe yi-resin, osetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuthwala uninzi lomthwalo woxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwesitya soxinzelelo.

Ulwakhiwo lwesitya soxinzelelo olufana nefayibha: Imikhumbi yoxinzelelo yezinto ezidityanisiweyo ikakhulu iza ngeendlela ezine zokwakha: isilinda, ingqukuva, i-annular, kunye nengxande. Isitya esijikelezayo sinecandelo lesilinda kunye neentloko ezimbini. Imikhumbi yoxinzelelo lwesinyithi yenziwe ngeemilo ezilula, kunye namandla agqithisileyo kwicala le-axial. Phantsi koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, uxinzelelo olude nolwe-latitudinal lwesitya esingqukuva ziyalingana, kwaye sisiqingatha soxinzelelo olujikelezayo lwesitya esingqukuva. Izinto zesinyithi zinamandla alinganayo kuzo zonke iindlela; ke ngoko, imikhumbi yesinyithi esingqukuva yenzelwe amandla alinganayo kwaye inobunzima obuncinci bomthamo othile kunye noxinzelelo. Imeko yoxinzelelo lwesitya esingqukuva ifanelekile, kwaye udonga lwesitya lunokwenziwa lube lolona luncinci. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu ekwenzeni imikhumbi esingqukuva, ngokubanzi isetyenziswa kuphela kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo ezifana neenqwelo-moya. Izikhongozeli ezinemilo yesangqa azifumaneki kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, kodwa ulwakhiwo lwazo lusafuneka kwiimeko ezithile ezithile. Umzekelo, izithuthi-moya zisebenzisa esi sakhiwo sikhethekileyo ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo indawo encinci. Izikhongozeli ezingxande zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwendawo xa indawo incinci, njengeemoto zetanki ezingxande kwiimoto kunye neemoto zetanki zikaloliwe. Ezi zikhongozeli zihlala ziindawo zoxinzelelo oluphantsi okanye ezinoxinzelelo olusemoyeni, kwaye ubunzima obulula bukhethwa.

Ubunzima besakhiwo sesitya soxinzelelo lwezinto ezidityanisiweyo, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwii-end caps kunye nobukhulu bazo, kunye nobukhulu obuguquguqukayo kunye ne-engile yee-end caps zizisa ubunzima obuninzi kuyilo, uhlalutyo, ukubala, kunye nokubumba. Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-composite material pressure vessels azifuni nje kuphela ukujijelwa kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo kunye nomlinganiselo wesantya kwii-end caps, kodwa zikwafuna neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokujijelwa ngokuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo. Kwangaxeshanye, impembelelo yezinto ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-coefficient of friction kufuneka iqwalaselwe. Ke ngoko, uyilo lwesakhiwo oluchanekileyo nolufanelekileyo kuphela olunokukhokela ngokufanelekileyo inkqubo yokuvelisa ukujijelwaizinto ezidityanisiweyoiinqanawa zoxinzelelo, ngaloo ndlela zivelisa iimveliso zeenqwelo zoxinzelelo ezilula zezinto ezidityanisiweyo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo.

Izixhobo zoMkhumbi woXinzelelo lweFiber-Wound

Umaleko wefayibha, njengesixhobo esiphambili esithwala umthwalo, kufuneka ube namandla aphezulu, imodulus ephezulu, uxinano oluphantsi, uzinzo lobushushu, ukufuma okuhle kweresin, ukujijeka okuhle, kunye nokuqina kwefayibha efanayo. Izixhobo zefayibha zokuqinisa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwimikhumbi yoxinzelelo olukhaphukhaphu oludityanisiweyo ziquka ifayibha yekhabhoni, ifayibha yePBO, ifayibha ye-aramid, kunye nefayibha yepolyethylene enobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu.

Ifayibha yekhabhoniyi-carbon material ene-fibrous carbon eyinxalenye yayo ephambili yi-carbon. Yenziwa ngokufaka i-carbonize organic fiber precursors kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye yi-fiber material esebenza kakhulu enomxholo we-carbon odlula i-95%. I-carbon fiber ineempawu ezintle kakhulu, kwaye uphando ngayo lwaqala kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 eyadlulayo. Yi-fiber yamanxeba enamandla aphezulu, i-modulus ephezulu, kunye ne-low-density high-performance fiber material, ephawulwa kakhulu ngezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Uxinano oluphantsi kunye nobunzima obulula. Uxinano lwe-carbon fiber yi-1.7~2 g/cm³, elingana ne-1/4 yoxinano lwentsimbi kunye ne-1/2 yoxinano lwe-aluminium alloy.

2. Amandla aphezulu kunye ne-modulus ephezulu: Amandla ayo aphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-4-5 kunentsimbi, kwaye i-modulus yayo elastiki iphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-5-6 kune-aluminium alloys, ebonisa ukubuyiswa kwe-absolute elastiki (Zhang Eryong kunye noSun Yan, 2020). Amandla okutsalwa kunye ne-modulus elastiki ye-carbon fiber inokufikelela kwi-3500-6300 MPa kunye ne-230-700 GPa, ngokwahlukeneyo.

3. I-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kobushushu: Ukuhanjiswa kobushushu be-carbon fiber kuyehla xa ubushushu busanda, nto leyo eyenza ukuba imelane nokuphola nokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza. Ayizukuqhekeka nasemva kokuba ipholile ukusuka kumawaka aliqela eedigri zeCelsius ukuya kubushushu begumbi, kwaye ayizukunyibilika okanye ithambe kwindawo engena-oxidizing kwi-3000℃; ayizukuqhekeka xa ubushushu buyi-fluid.

4. Ukumelana kakuhle nokugqwala: I-carbon fiber ayingeni kwi-asidi kwaye inokumelana nee-asidi ezinamandla ezifana ne-hydrochloric acid egxininisiweyo kunye ne-sulfuric acid. Ngaphezu koko, ii-carbon fiber composites nazo zineempawu ezifana nokumelana nemisebe, ukuzinza okuhle kweekhemikhali, ukukwazi ukufunxa iigesi ezinobuthi, kunye nokumodareyitha kwe-neutron, okwenza ukuba zisetyenziswe kakhulu kwi-aerospace, emkhosini, nakwezinye iindawo ezininzi.

I-Aramid, i-organic fiber eyenziwe nge-aromatic polyphthalamides, yavela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1960. Uxinano lwayo luphantsi kunolwe-carbon fiber. Inamandla aphezulu, isivuno esiphezulu, iyamelana nempembelelo entle, izinzo oluhle lweekhemikhali, kwaye iyamelana nobushushu, kwaye ixabiso layo lisisiqingatha kuphela se-carbon fiber.Iifayibha ze-Aramidikakhulu baneempawu ezilandelayo:

1. Iipropati ezilungileyo zoomatshini. I-Aramid fiber yi-polymer eguquguqukayo enamandla okutsalwa aphezulu kunee-polyester eziqhelekileyo, umqhaphu, kunye ne-nylon. Inobude obuphezulu, imvakalelo ethambileyo yesandla, kwaye iyakwazi ukujikeleza kakuhle, nto leyo evumela ukuba yenziwe ibe ziifayibha ezinobuncinci nobude obahlukeneyo.

2. I-Aramid ethintela ilangatye kakuhle kwaye inokumelana nobushushu. I-Aramid ine-oxygen index engaphezulu kwama-28, ngoko ayiqhubeki itsha emva kokuba isusiwe elangatyeni. Izinzile kubushushu, ingasetyenziswa rhoqo kuma-205℃, kwaye igcina amandla aphezulu nokuba kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-205℃. Kwangaxeshanye, ii-aramid fibers zinobushushu obuphezulu bokubola, zigcina amandla aphezulu nokuba kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kwaye ziqala ukubola kuphela kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-370℃.

3. Iimpawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzileyo. Iifayibha ze-Aramid zinokumelana kakuhle neekhemikhali ezininzi, zinokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwee-asidi ezingaphiliyo, kwaye zinokumelana kakuhle ne-alkali kubushushu begumbi.

4. Iipropati ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini. Ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini ezifana namandla aphezulu kakhulu, imodulus ephezulu, kunye nobunzima obulula. Amandla ayo aphindwe ka-5-6 kunocingo lwentsimbi, imodulus yayo elastiki iphindwe ka-2-3 kunocingo lwentsimbi okanye ifayibha yeglasi, ukuqina kwayo kuphindwe kabini kunocingo lwentsimbi, kwaye ubunzima bayo buyi-1/5 kuphela kunocingo lwentsimbi. Iifayibha ze-polyamide ezinuka kamnandi bezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zefayibha ezisebenza kakhulu, zilungele kakhulu iinqanawa zoxinzelelo lweenqwelo moya kunye neenqwelo moya ezineemfuno ezingqongqo zomgangatho kunye nokuma.

Ifayibha ye-PBO yaphuhliswa eMelika ngeminyaka yoo-1980 njengesixhobo sokuqinisa izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezenzelwe imboni yeenqwelo-moya. Lelinye lamalungu athembisayo osapho lwe-polyamide oluqulathe iikhompawundi ze-heterocyclic aromatic kwaye yaziwa njengefayibha ephezulu yenkulungwane yama-21. Ifayibha ye-PBO ineempawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali ezibalaseleyo; amandla ayo, i-elastic modulus, kunye nokumelana nobushushu zezinye zezona fayibha zibalaseleyo. Ngaphezu koko, ifayibha ye-PBO inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nempembelelo, ukumelana nokukrala, kunye nozinzo olulinganayo, kwaye ilula kwaye iguquguquka, okwenza ukuba ibe yinto efanelekileyo yelaphu. Ifayibha ye-PBO ineempawu eziphambili ezilandelayo:

1. Iipropati ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini. Iimveliso zefayibha zePBO eziphezulu zinamandla e-5.8 GPa kunye ne-modulus elastiki ye-180 GPa, eyona iphezulu phakathi kweefayibha zeekhemikhali ezikhoyo.

2. Uzinzo oluhle kakhulu kubushushu. Iyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-600℃, kunye ne-index enomda ye-68. Ayitshi okanye inciphe elangatyeni, kwaye ukumelana kwayo nobushushu kunye nokungacimi komlilo kuphezulu kunezinye iifayibha zendalo.

Njengefayibha esebenza kakhulu kwinkulungwane yama-21, ifayibha ye-PBO ineempawu ezibonakalayo zomzimba, zoomatshini, nezeekhemikhali. Amandla ayo kunye ne-elastic modulus ziphindwe kabini kunefayibha ye-aramid, kwaye inokumelana nobushushu kunye nokungalali kakuhle kwe-meta-aramid polyamide. Iimpawu zayo zomzimba nezeekhemikhali zidlula ngokupheleleyo ezo zefayibha ye-aramid. Ifayibha ye-PBO enobubanzi obuyi-1mm inokuphakamisa into enobunzima obufikelela kwi-450kg, kwaye amandla ayo angaphezulu kwe-10 kunefayibha yentsimbi.

Ifayibha ye-polyethylene enobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-high-strength, high-modulus polyethylene fiber, yi-fiber enamandla akhethekileyo kunye ne-modulus ethile ehlabathini. Yi-fiber ephothiweyo evela kwi-polyethylene enobunzima beemolekyuli obuyi-1 yezigidi ukuya kwezi-5 yezigidi. I-Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber ikakhulu ineempawu ezilandelayo:

1. Amandla akhethekileyo aphezulu kunye ne-modulus ekhethekileyo ephezulu. Amandla ayo akhethekileyo angaphezulu kweshumi kune-wire yentsimbi ye-cross-section efanayo, kwaye i-modulus yayo ethile ilandela i-carbon fiber ekhethekileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, ubunzima bayo be-molecular bungaphezulu kwe-10, bunamandla okutsalwa ayi-3.5 GPa, i-modulus elastiki eyi-116 GPa, kunye nobude obuyi-3.4%.

2. Uxinano oluphantsi. Uxinano lwayo ngokubanzi luyi-0.97~0.98 g/cm³, nto leyo evumela ukuba intante emanzini.

3. Ukwandiswa okuphantsi ngexesha lokuqhekeka. Inamandla okufunxa amandla, ukumelana nempembelelo kunye nokusika okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nemozulu okuhle kakhulu, kwaye iyamelana nemisebe ye-ultraviolet, ii-neutron, kunye nemisebe ye-gamma. Ikwanayo nokufunxa amandla athile aphezulu, ukungaguquguquki kwe-dielectric ephantsi, ukuhanjiswa kwamaza aphezulu e-electromagnetic, kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola kweekhemikhali, kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle kunye nobomi obude be-flexural.

I-polyethylene fiber ineempawu ezininzi ezibalaseleyo, nto leyo ebonisa inzuzo enkulu kwi-ifayibha esebenza kakhuluImarike. Ukusuka kwimigca yokubopha kwiindawo zeoyile ezikude nolwandle ukuya kwizinto ezidityanisiweyo ezilula nezisebenzayo, ibonisa iingenelo ezinkulu kwimfazwe yanamhlanje, kunye nakwicandelo leenqwelo moya, inqwelo moya, kunye nelolwandle, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizixhobo zokuzikhusela nakwezinye iindawo.