iindaba

Iglasi ye-E (i-fiberglass engena-alkali)Ukuveliswa kwezitovu zeetanki yinkqubo entsonkothileyo netshisa kakhulu. Iprofayili yobushushu bokunyibilika yindawo ebalulekileyo yokulawula inkqubo, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho weglasi, ukusebenza kakuhle kokunyibilika, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ubomi besitovu, kunye nokusebenza kokugqibela kwefayibha. Le profayili yobushushu ifezekiswa ngokuyintloko ngokulungelelanisa iimpawu zomlilo kunye nokunyusa umbane.

I. Ubushushu bokunyibilika kwe-E-Glass

1. Uluhlu lobushushu bokunyibilika:

Ukunyibilika okupheleleyo, ukucaca, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweglasi ye-E kudla ngokufuna amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu. Amaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo endawo yokunyibilika (indawo eshushu) aqala kwi-1500°C ukuya kwi-1600°C.

Ubushushu obuthile obujoliswe kubo buxhomekeke koku:

* Ukwakheka kweBatch: Iifomyula ezithile (umz., ukubakho kwe-fluorine, umxholo we-boron ophezulu/ophantsi, ukubakho kwe-titanium) zichaphazela iimpawu zokunyibilika.

* Uyilo lweSithando somlilo: Uhlobo lwesithando somlilo, ubungakanani, ukusebenza kakuhle kokugquma, kunye nolungiselelo lwesitshisi.

* Iinjongo zeMveliso: Izinga lokunyibilika elifunekayo kunye neemfuno zomgangatho weglasi.

* Izinto ezivuselelayo: Izinga lokugqwala kwezinto ezivuselelayo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu lithintela ubushushu obuphezulu.

Ubushushu bendawo yokucola buhlala buphantsi kancinci kunobushushu beendawo ezishushu (malunga nama-20-50°C ngaphantsi) ukuze kube lula ukususa amaqamza kunye nokudibanisa iglasi.

Ubushushu bokusebenza (forehearth) buphantsi kakhulu (ngesiqhelo yi-1200°C – 1350°C), nto leyo eyenza ukuba iglasi inyibilike ibe semgangathweni ofanelekileyo kwaye iqine ukuze itsalwe.

2. Ukubaluleka koLawulo loBushushu:

* Ukusebenza kakuhle kokunyibilikisa: Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngokwaneleyo abalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusabela ngokupheleleyo kwezinto zebatch (isanti ye-quartz, i-pyrophyllite, i-boric acid/colemanite, ilitye lekalika, njl.njl.), ukunyibilika ngokupheleleyo kweenkozo zesanti, kunye nokukhululwa ngokupheleleyo kwegesi. Ubushushu obungonelanga bunokukhokelela kwintsalela "yezinto eziluhlaza" (amasuntswana e-quartz anganyibilikiyo), amatye, kunye nokwanda kwamaqamza.

* Umgangatho weGlasi: Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu akhuthaza ukucaca kunye nokuhambelana kokunyibilika kweglasi, okunciphisa iziphene ezifana neentambo, amaqamza, kunye namatye. Ezi ziphene zichaphazela kakhulu amandla efayibha, izinga lokuqhekeka, kunye nokuqhubeka kwayo.

* Ukuqina: Ubushushu buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuqina kweglasi enyibilikayo. Ukutsalwa kwefayibha kufuna ukuba iglasi enyibilikayo ibe ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile lwe-viscosity.

* Ukugqwala kwezinto ezirhabaxa: Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu akhawulezisa kakhulu ukugqwala kwezinto ezirhabaxa zesithando (ingakumbi izitena ze-AZS ezifakwe ngombane), anciphisa ubomi besithando kwaye anokufaka amatye arhabaxa.

* Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla: Ukugcina amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngumthombo ophambili wokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwii-oven zetanki (ngokuvamile kubalwa ngaphezulu kwama-60% wamandla asetyenziswayo kwimveliso iyonke). Ukulawula amaqondo obushushu ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo kubalulekile ekongeni amandla.

II. Ulawulo lweLanga

Ulawulo lwelangatye yindlela ephambili yokulawula ukusasazwa kobushushu bokunyibilika, ukufikelela ekunyibilikeni okusebenzayo, kunye nokukhusela isakhiwo sesithando (ingakumbi isithsaba). Injongo yaso ephambili kukudala intsimi yobushushu efanelekileyo kunye nomoya.

1. Iiparameter zoLawulo oluPhambili:

* Umlinganiselo weFuel-to-Air (Umlinganiselo weStoichiometric) / Umlinganiselo weOksijini-to-Fuel (kwiinkqubo ze-oxy-fuel):

* Injongo: Ukufezekisa ukutsha okupheleleyo. Ukutsha okungaphelelanga kudlalisa ipetroli, kunciphisa ubushushu bomlilo, kuvelisa umsi omnyama (umsi) ongcolisa iglasi enyibilikayo, kwaye uvale izinto ezivuselelayo/izitshintshi zobushushu. Umoya ogqithisileyo uthwala ubushushu obuninzi, unciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu, kwaye unokwandisa ukubola kwe-crown oxidation.

* Uhlengahlengiso: Lawula ngokuchanekileyo umlinganiselo womoya-kwi-fuel ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lwegesi yolwelo (umxholo we-O₂, CO2).Iglasi ye-elektronikiIi-oven zetanki zihlala zigcina umxholo we-O₂ yegesi yolwelo malunga ne-1-3% (ukutsha koxinzelelo oluncinci).

* Impembelelo yoMmoya: Umlinganiselo womoya-kwi-fuel ukwachaphazela umoya-mpilo wesithando (ukuxilisa okanye ukunciphisa), nto leyo enefuthe elincinci kwindlela izinto ezithile ezisebenza ngayo (njengentsimbi) nombala weglasi. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-E-glass (efuna ukukhanya okungenambala), le mpembelelo incinci kakhulu.

* Ubude beLanga kunye nokuma:

* Injongo: Yenza ilangatye eligubungela umphezulu onyibilikileyo, linobulukhuni obuthile, kwaye linokusasazeka kakuhle.

* Ilangatye Elide vs. Ilangatye Elifutshane:

* Ilangatye Elide: Ligubungela indawo enkulu, usasazo lobushushu lufana kakhulu, kwaye lubangela ukungoyiki kobushushu obuncinci kwisithsaba. Nangona kunjalo, iincopho zobushushu zasekuhlaleni zisenokungabi phezulu ngokwaneleyo, kwaye ukungena kwindawo "yokugrumba" kusenokunganeli.

* Ilangatye elifutshane: Ukuqina okunamandla, ubushushu obuphezulu bendawo, ukungena ngamandla kumaleko webhetshi, okunceda ukunyibilika ngokukhawuleza "kwezinto eziluhlaza." Nangona kunjalo, ukugquma akulunganga, kubangela ngokulula ubushushu obuphezulu bendawo (iindawo ezishushu ezibonakala ngakumbi), kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu lobushushu kwisithsaba naseludongeni lwesifuba.

* Uhlengahlengiso: Lufezekiswa ngokulungelelanisa i-engile yesibhamu sokutshisa, isantya sokuphuma kwepetroli/umoya (umlinganiselo wokunyakaza), kunye nobunzulu bokujikeleza. Ii-oven zetanki zanamhlanje zihlala zisebenzisa ii-burners ezihlengahlengiswayo ezinamanqanaba amaninzi.

* Icala leLanga (i-Engile):

* Injongo: Ukudlulisa ubushushu ngokufanelekileyo kwindawo enyibilikayo yeglasi kunye nebhetshi, uphephe ukutsha komlilo ngqo eludongeni lwesithsaba okanye lwesifuba.

* Uhlengahlengiso: Lungisa i-pitch (ethe nkqo) kunye ne-yaw (ethe tye) yee-engile zesibhamu sokutshisa.

* I-Angle yePitch: Ichaphazela ukusebenzisana kwelangabi nenqwaba yebatch ("ukukhotha i-batch") kunye nokugubungela umphezulu onyibilikayo. I-engile esezantsi kakhulu (ilangatye elisezantsi kakhulu) inokugquma umphezulu onyibilikayo okanye inqwaba yebatch, ibangele ukuhamba okuya kugqwala udonga lwesifuba. I-engile ephezulu kakhulu (ilangatye elingaphezulu kakhulu) ibangela ukusebenza okuphantsi kobushushu kunye nokufudumala okugqithisileyo kwesithsaba.

* I-Yaw Angle: Ichaphazela ukusasazwa komlilo kububanzi besithando kunye nendawo apho kushushu khona.

2. Iinjongo zoLawulo lweLangabi:

* Yenza i-Rational Hot Spot: Yenza indawo ephezulu yobushushu (indawo eshushu) ngasemva kwetanki yokunyibilikisa (ngesiqhelo emva kwendlu yenja). Le yindawo ebalulekileyo yokucacisa iglasi kunye nokudibanisa, kwaye isebenza njenge "injini" elawula ukuhamba kweglasi yokunyibilikisa (ukusuka kwindawo eshushu ukuya kwitshaja yebhetshi kunye nesiphelo sokusebenza).

* Ubushushu bomphezulu onyibilikayo obufanayo: Kuphephe ukufudumala kakhulu okanye ukupholisa ngaphantsi kobushushu, ukunciphisa ukungalingani komoya kunye "neendawo ezifileyo" ezibangelwa zii-gradient zobushushu.

* Khusela ulwakhiwo lweSithando somlilo: Thintela ukubetheka komlilo kwisithsaba nasodongeni lwesifuba, uphephe ubushushu obugqithisileyo obukhokelela ekugqwaleni okukhawulezileyo.

* Ukudluliselwa kobushushu okuSebenzayo: Khulisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa kobushushu okukhazimlayo nokujikajikayo ukusuka elangatyeni ukuya kumphezulu webhetshi kunye neglasi enyibilikayo.

* Intsimi yoBushushu obuZinzileyo: Nciphisa ukuguquguquka ukuqinisekisa umgangatho weglasi ozinzileyo.

III. Ulawulo oluDibeneyo loBushushu bokuNcibilika kunye noLawulo lweLanga

1. Ubushushu yinjongo, iLanga yiNdlela: Ulawulo lwelanga yindlela ephambili yokulawula ukusasazwa kobushushu ngaphakathi kwesithando, ingakumbi indawo eshushu kunye nobushushu.

2. Ukulinganiswa kobushushu kunye nempendulo: Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kubushushu kwenziwa kusetyenziswa ii-thermocouples, ii-infrared pyrometers, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezibekwe kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo kwi-oven (itshaja yebhetshi, indawo yokunyibilika, indawo eshushu, indawo yokuncibilikisa, indawo yangaphambi komlilo). Ezi zilinganiso zisebenza njengesiseko sokulungiswa komlilo.

3. Iinkqubo zoLawulo oluZenzekelayo: Ii-oven ezinkulu zanamhlanje zisebenzisa kakhulu iinkqubo ze-DCS/PLC. Ezi nkqubo zilawula ngokuzenzekelayo ilangatye kunye nobushushu ngokulungelelanisa iiparameter ezifana nokuhamba kwepetroli, ukuhamba komoya ovuthayo, i-engile/i-dampers yokutshisa, ngokusekelwe kwii-curves zobushushu ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nokulinganisa kwexesha langempela.

4. Ibhalansi yeNkqubo: Kubalulekile ukufumana ibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi kokuqinisekisa umgangatho weglasi (ukunyibilika kobushushu obuphezulu, ukucaca kakuhle kunye nokuhlanganiswa) kunye nokukhusela isithando (ukuphepha amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukuphazamiseka komlilo) ngelixa kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.